Fig. 1

Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) causes an increase in RAGE expression. A, B Representative pictures of immunohistochemical staining for RAGE in lung tissues of healthy controls and COPD patients (A) and the proportion of positive cells (B) (n = 3); C strategy for the establishment of the COPD mouse model; D–F mouse lung function indicators 0.1 s rate (FEV_0.1/FVC), deep inspiratory volume (IC), and airway Newtonian resistance (Rn) in different groups (n = 6–8); G rt-PCR was used to detect the levels of Ager mRNA in the lung tissue of control and COPD mice (n = 6–8); H, I western Blotting was used to detect RAGE protein levels in the lung tissue of control and COPD mice (n = 6–8); J, K representative immunohistochemical pictures (J) and positive rate (K) of RAGE in the lung tissue of each group of mice (n = 3); L AGER mRNA levels in 16-HBE cells were detected by rt-PCR(n = 4). M, N Western Blotting was used to detect RAGE protein levels in 16-HBE cells (n = 3); O, P immunofluorescence detection of RAGE positive stains in 16-HBE cell slides (O) and MFI analysis (P) (n = 3). Data are least squares means ± standard errors. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001