Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants at hospital admission
Study participants (n = 487) | |
|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | |
Age (years) | 60 (54–67) |
Male sex | 338 (69) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28 (26–32) |
Ethnicity | |
European | 385 (79) |
Dutch Caribbean | 59 (12) |
Asian | 19 (4) |
Turkish | 13 (3) |
(North) African | 10 (2) |
Education level | |
Low | 152 (32) |
Middle | 179 (37) |
High | 151 (31) |
Living situation | |
Together, with partner or parent | 396 (81) |
Alone, with or without children | 91 (19) |
Employed | 294 (61) |
Clinical characteristics | |
Comorbidities | |
≥ 1 comorbidity | 399 (82) |
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 194 (40) |
Diabetes | 82 (17) |
Cardiovascular disease or hypertension | 182 (37) |
Pulmonary disease | 121 (25) |
Renal disease | 44 (9) |
Gastrointestinal disease | 24 (5) |
Neurological disease | 51 (10) |
Malignancy | 57 (12) |
Autoimmune or inflammatory disease | 57 (12) |
Mental disorder | 22 (5) |
Oxygen therapy | 472 (97) |
Treatment for COVID-19 | |
(Hydroxy)chloroquine | 13 (3) |
Antivirals | 71 (15) |
Steroids | 353 (72) |
Anti-inflammatory | 57 (12) |
Convalescent plasma | 8 (2) |
ICU admission | 202 (41) |
Invasive mechanical ventilation | 173 (36) |
LOS ICU (days) | 16 (9–31) |
LOS hospital (days) | 13 (6–27) |
COVID-19 wave | |
First | 129 (26) |
Second | 252 (52) |
Third | 106 (22) |