From: Evaluation of computed tomography in the diagnosis of ultrasound-proven diaphragm dysfunction
Para. vs. Weak | DD Vs. Controls | Para. Vs. Controls | Weak. Vs. Controls | Contral. DD Vs. Controls | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Right dysfunction | DD | Paralysis | Weakness | p | Controls | p | p | p | Contralateral | p |
N (%) | 15 (23) | 8 (12) | 7 (9) | 28 (43) | 13 (20) | |||||
Ultrasound | ||||||||||
Amplitude during QB (cm) | 0.90 [0.15; 1.43] | 0.30 [-0.03; 0.84] | 1.35 [1.05; 1.73] | 0.02 | 2.00 [1.72; 2.37] | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.01 | 2.90 [2.60; 3.36] | 0.005 |
Amplitude during DB (cm) | 1.75 [-0.30; 2.76] | -0.30 [-0.43; 1.85] | 2.45 [1.85; 3.13] | 0.04 | 5.69 [5.23; 5.93] | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 5.28 [4.95; 5.62] | 0.20 |
Amplitude during VS (cm) | -0.04 [-1.17; 1.37] | -1.15 [-1.30; -0.90] | 1.50 [1.33; 1.90] | 0.003 | 2.37 [1.96; 3.07] | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.004 | 3.30 [2.70; 3.56] | 0.02 |
Tee (mm) | 1.67 ± 0.49 | 1.55 ± 0.41 | 1.81 ± 0.58 | 0.32 | 2.02 ± 0.44 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.30 | 1.72 ± 0.52 | 0.21 |
Tei (mm) | 1.80 ± 0.57 | 1.55 ± 0.42 | 2.09 ± 0.60 | 0.07 | 2.74 ± 0.59 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.01 | 2.51 ± 0.72 | 0.98 |
Tei,max (mm) | 1.96 ± 0.73 | 1.49 ± 0.40 | 2.50 ± 0.65 | 0.003 | 4.00 ± 0.78 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 3.94 ± 0.83 | 0.84 |
TFmax (%) | 17 ± 30 | -3.5 ± 15 | 40 ± 24 | 0.001 | 100 ± 39 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 136 ± 41 | 0.07 |
CT scan | ||||||||||
Right dome higher, n (%) | 14 (93) | 7 (88) | 7 (100) | 1.0 | 19 (68) | 0.13 | 0.52 | 0.21 | ||
L1 crus thickness (mm) | 3.6 [2.6; 8.8] | 2.6 [1.5; 3.2] | 9.4 [6.2; 12.1] | 0.006 | 7.4 [4.7; 8.8] | 0.13 | < 0.001 | 0.17 | 5.0 [3.0; 7.1] | 0.09 |
Celiac crus thickness (mm) | 2.8 [2.2; 5.2] | 2.2 [1.7; 2.6] | 5.4 [4.2; 6.4] | 0.008 | 3.8 [2.8; 2.6] | 0.43 | 0.004 | 0.07 | 3.0 [2.5; 3.6] | 0.39 |
Height difference (cm) | 7.70 [4.68; 8.42] | 8.08 [7.42; 8.73] | 4.91 [3.94; 6.84] | 0.13 | 1.16 [0.52; 1.73] | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
Left dysfunction | ||||||||||
N (%) | 24 (37) | 17 (26) | 7 (11) | 28 (43) | 22 (34) | |||||
Ultrasound | ||||||||||
Amplitude during QB (cm) | 0.00 [0.00; 0.85] | 0.00 [0.00; 0.00] | 1.20 [1.15; 1.30] | < 0.001 | 2.05 [1.62; 2.67] | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 3.00 [2.45; 3.40] | < 0.001 |
Amplitude during DB (cm) | -0.40 [-0.56; 1.85] | -0.51 [-0.65; -0.40] | 2.30 [1.85; 2.55] | < 0.001 | 5.62 [5.00; 6.56] | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 5.40 [4.87; 6.21] | 0.74 |
Amplitude during VS (cm) | -1.00 [-1.30; 1.00] | -1.23 [-1.41; -0.99] | 1.40 [1.05; 1.60] | < 0.001 | 2.36 [1.98; 2.81] | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 2.90 [2.40; 3.78] | 0.14 |
Tee (mm) | 1.54 ± 0.35 | 1.48 ± 0.38 | 1.69 ± 0.24 | 0.19 | 1.91 ± 0.42 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.18 | 1.91 ± 0.36 | 0.34 |
Tei (mm) | 1.57 ± 0.45 | 1.39 ± 0.40 | 1.96 ± 0.29 | 0.003 | 2.51 ± 0.62 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.03 | 2.82 ± 0.73 | 0.66 |
Tei,max (mm) | 1.61 ± 0.58 | 1.35 ± 0.47 | 2.20 ± 0.29 | < 0.001 | 4.00 ± 0.85 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 4.02 ± 1.04 | 0.94 |
TFmax (%) | 5 ± 24 | -6 ± 20 | 31 ± 7 | < 0.001 | 112 ± 37 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 111 ± 41 | 0.40 |
CT scan | ||||||||||
Left dome higher, n (%) | 22 (92) | 16 (94) | 6 (86) | 1.0 | 9 (32) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.03 | ||
L1 crus thickness (mm) | 2.0 [1.6; 2.7] | 2.0 [1.6; 2.3] | 3.5 [2.6; 4.3] | 0.03 | 7.4 [4.6; 9.0] | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.005 | 4.7 [4.0; 5.7] | 0.01 |
Celiac crus thickness (mm) | 1.7 [1.4; 2.2] | 1.8 [1.3; 2.2] | 1.6 [1.6; 2.1] | 0.80 | 3.1 [2.7; 3.8] | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 3.4 [3.0; 4.2] | 0.61 |
Height difference (cm) | 5.51 [2.77; 7.74] | 6.70 [3.00; 8.00] | 3.51 [1.85; 5.58] | 0.09 | 1.16 [0.52; 1.73] | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.02 |