Table 2 Bidirectional MR results for the relationship between COPD and the relative abundance of Streptococcus intermedius

Effect of COPD on S. intermedius

IVW

11

42

0.93

0.31

2.53 (1.38,4.70)

0.0028

Weighted median

11

42

1.23

0.41

3.42 (1.54,7.64)

0.0029

Weighted mode

11

42

1.46

0.65

4.31 (1.17,15.83)

0.048

Simple mode

11

42

1.34

0.73

3.82 (0.90,16.30)

0.095

MR-Egger

11

42

2.20

1.77

9.03 (0.28,294.23)

0.25

Effect on S. intermedius on COPD

IVW

14

31

0.0076

0.01

1.00 (0.99,1.03)

0.42

Weighted median

14

31

0.013

0.013

1.01 (0.99,1.04)

0.33

Weighted mode

14

31

0.015

0.02

1.02 (0.98,1.06)

0.46

Simple mode

14

31

0.016

0.021

1.02 (0.97,1.06)

0.47

MR-Egger

14

31

0.021

0.038

1.02 (0.95,1.10)

0.59